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1.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 77(2): 81-84, Apr. 2017. ilus, map
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-894436

ABSTRACT

We describe the characterization of the viral genotype involved in the first case of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome reported in Tucumán, a Northwestern province of Argentina. A 23-year-old woman, with no record of travel history and previously diagnosed with an antiphospholipid syndrome, died after 11 days of severe cardiopulmonary insufficiency. Among the four endemic regions of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in Argentina, the Northwest Region has the highest incidence, exceeding 50% of all reported cases in the country. Until now, only Salta and Jujuy (2 out of the 6 provinces composing the Northwest Region), reported cases of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, all of which occurred in the Yungas Forest area. Remarkably, the viral genotype characterized in this case showed higher nucleotide identity with the Andes-BsAs genotype most prevalent in Buenos Aires province, located 1400 km apart from Tucumán, than with any of the commonly found genotypes in the Northwest Region. The Andes-BsAs genotype has been associated with 30% lethality and interhuman transmission in Buenos Aires province. Interhuman transmission cannot be ruled out in the present case.


Se describe la caracterización del genotipo viral del primer caso de síndrome pulmonar por hantavirus reportado en la Provincia de Tucumán. Una mujer de 23 años, con diagnóstico previo de síndrome antifosfolipídico y sin antecedente de viaje reciente, falleció tras 11 días de enfermedad. De las cuatro regiones endémicas para este síndrome, la región Noroeste es la de mayor incidencia del país, concentrando más del 50% de los casos informados en Argentina. Hasta el momento, solamente dos de las seis provincias que componen la región Noroeste, Salta y Jujuy, habían registrado síndrome pulmonar por hantavirus con casos en áreas pertenecientes a la Selva de las Yungas. Desde ahora, se suma a dicha región la provincia de Tucumán. Llamativamente, el genotipo viral caracterizado en este caso mostró mayor identidad con el genotipo más prevalente en la provincia de Buenos Aires llamado Andes-BsAs, y no como se esperaba, con los genotipos comúnmente encontrados en la región Noroeste. El genotipo Andes-BsAs se ha asociado a letalidad próxima al 30% y también a transmisión interhumana en la provincia de Buenos Aires. No se puede descartar transmisión interhumana en el presente caso.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Young Adult , Orthohantavirus/genetics , Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome/virology , Phylogeny , Argentina/epidemiology , Fatal Outcome , Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome/diagnosis , Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome/epidemiology , Genotype
2.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 110(5): 624-628, Aug. 2015. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-755899

ABSTRACT

In the Americas, hantaviruses cause severe cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) with a high fatality rate. Hantavirus infection is commonly diagnosed using serologic techniques and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. This paper presents a novel plaque reduction neutralisation test (PRNT) for detecting antibodies to Brazilian hantavirus. Using PRNT, plaque detection was enhanced by adding 0.6% of dimethyl sulfoxide into the overlay culture medium of the infected cells. This procedure facilitated clear visualisation of small plaques under the microscope and provided for easy and accurate plaque counting. The sera from 37 HCPS patients from the city of Ribeirão Preto, Brazil was evaluated for the Rio Mamoré virus (RIOMV) using PRNT. Six samples exhibited neutralising antibodies; these antibodies exhibited a low titre. The low level of seropositive samples may be due to fewer cross-reactions between two different hantavirus species; the patients were likely infected by Araraquara virus (a virus that has not been isolated) and RIOMV was used for the test. This assay offers a new approach to evaluating and measuring neutralising antibodies produced during hantavirus infections and it can be adapted to other hantaviruses, including viruses that will be isolated in the future.

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Subject(s)
Humans , Antibodies, Viral/blood , Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome/diagnosis , Neutralization Tests/methods , Antibodies, Viral/immunology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome/virology , Orthohantavirus/growth & development , Orthohantavirus/immunology , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Sensitivity and Specificity , Viral Plaque Assay
3.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 56(4): 277-279, Jul-Aug/2014. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-716421

ABSTRACT

Emergent diseases such as Hantavirus Cardio-pulmonary Syndrome (HCPS) are able to create a significant impact on human populations due to their seriousness and high fatality rate. Santa Catarina, located in the South of Brazil, is the leading state for HCPS with 267 reported cases from 1999 to 2011. We present here a serological survey on hantavirus in blood donors from different cities of the state of Santa Catarina, with an IgG-ELISA using a recombinant nucleocapsid protein from Araraquara hantavirus as an antigen. In total, 314 donors from blood banks participated in the study, geographically covering the whole state. Among these, 14 individuals (4.4%) had antibodies to hantavirus: four of 50 (8% positivity) from Blumenau, four of 52 (7.6%) from Joinville, three of 50 (6%) from Florianópolis, two of 50 (4%) from Chapecó and one of 35 (2.8%) from Joaçaba. It is possible that hantaviruses are circulating across almost the whole state, with important epidemiological implications. Considering that the seropositive blood donors are healthy individuals, it is possible that hantaviruses may be causing unrecognized infections, which are either asymptomatic or clinically nonspecific, in addition to HCPS. It is also possible that more than one hantavirus type could be circulating in this region, causing mostly benign infections.


Doenças emergentes como a Síndrome Cárdio-Pulmonar por Hantavírus (SCPH) são capazes de promover um grande impacto nas populações humanas devido a sua severidade e alta letalidade. Santa Catarina, localizada ao Sul do Brasil, é o estado com o maior número de relatos de SCPH, com 267 casos desde 1999 a 2011. Apresentamos aqui um inquérito sorológico para hantavírus em doadores de sangue de diferentes cidades do Estado de Santa Catarina, usando um teste IgG-ELISA com proteína recombinante de nucleocapsídeo do hantavírus Araraquara como antígeno. No total, 314 doadores de banco de sangue participaram do estudo, cobrindo geograficamente todo o Estado. Dentre estes, 14 indivíduos (4,4%) apresentaram anticorpos para hantavírus: quatro de 50 (8% de positividade) provenientes de Blumenau, quatro de 52 (7,6%) de Joinville, três de 50 (6%) de Florianópolis, dois de 50 (4%) de Chapecó e um de 35 (2,8%) de Joaçaba. É possível que hantavírus estejam circulando praticamente em todo o Estado, com implicações epidemiológicas importantes. Considerando que os doadores de sangue soropositivos são indivíduos saudáveis, é possível que hantavírus possam estar causando infecções não diagnosticadas, sejam elas assintomáticas ou clinicamente inespecíficas, além da SCPH. É possível ainda que mais de um tipo de hantavírus possa estar circulando na região, causando infecções mais benignas.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Blood Donors/statistics & numerical data , Hantavirus Infections/epidemiology , Orthohantavirus/immunology , Antibodies, Viral/blood , Brazil/epidemiology , Communicable Diseases, Emerging/epidemiology , Communicable Diseases, Emerging/virology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Hantavirus Infections/diagnosis , Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome/epidemiology , Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome/virology , Immunoglobulin G/blood , Population Surveillance
4.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 43(4): 348-354, jul.-ago. 2010. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-555994

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Hantavirus pulmonary and cardiovascular syndrome (HPCS) is an emerging serious disease in the Americas. Hantaviruses (Bunyaviridae) are the causative agents of this syndrome and are mainly transmitted through inhalation of aerosols containing the excreta of wild rodents. In the Ribeirão Preto region (state of São Paulo, Brazil), HPCS has been reported since 1998, caused by the Araraquara virus (ARAV), for which Necromys lasiurus is the rodent reservoir. This study aimed to show diagnostic results relating to infection in humans and rodents, obtained at the Virology Research Center of the Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, between 2005 and 2008. METHODS: HPCS was diagnosed by means of ELISA and/or RT-PCR in 11 (21.2 percent) out of 52 suspected cases, and 54.4 percent of these were fatal. Furthermore, 595 wild rodents (Necromys lasiurus, Akodon sp, Calomys tener and Oligoryzomys sp) were caught between 2005 and 2008. RESULTS: Fifteen (2.5 percent) of these rodents presented antibodies for hantavirus, as follows: Necromys lasiurus (4 percent), Calomys tener (1.9 percent) and Akodon sp (1.5 percent). Nucleotide sequences obtained through RT-PCR from one HPCS patient and one Calomys tener rodent were compared with hantavirus sequences from GenBank, which showed that both were homologous with ARAV. CONCLUSIONS: This work corroborates previous studies showing that ARAV is the hantavirus causing HPCS in the Ribeirão Preto region. It also shows that rodents infected with hantavirus represent a constant risk of transmission of this virus to man.


INTRODUÇÃO: A síndrome pulmonar e cardiovascular por hantavírus é uma doença grave emergente nas Américas. Os hantavírus, Bunyaviridae, são os agentes causadores desta síndrome, causadas, principalmente, pela inalação de aerossóis dos dejetos de roedores silvestres. Na região de Ribeirão Preto, a SPCVH, causada pelo vírus Araraquara, tem sido diagnosticada, desde 1998. O roedor-reservatório do ARAV é o Necromys lasiurus. Este tem como objetivo mostrar os resultados de diagnósticos da infecção de humanos e roedores obtidos no Centro de Pesquisa em Virologia da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo, durante o período de 2005 a 2008. MÉTODOS: A síndrome pulmonar e cardiovascular por hantavírus foi diagnosticada, por ELISA e/ou RT-PCR, em 11 (21,2 por cento) dos 52 casos suspeitos e destes, 54,4 por cento foram casos fatais. Além disso, também, de 2005 a 2008, foram capturados 595 roedores silvestres, Necromys lasiurus, Akodon sp, Calomys tener e Oligoryzomys sp. RESULTADOS: Quinze (2,5 por cento) destes roedores apresentaram anticorpos para hantavírus. As soropositividades intraespécie ou gênero foram 4 por cento para Necromys lasiurus, 1,9 por cento para Calomys tener e 1,5 por cento para Akodon sp. Sequências nucleotídicas, obtidas pela RT-PCR de um paciente com SPCVH e de um roedor Calomys tener, foram comparadas com sequências de hantavírus do GenBank, o que mostrou que ambas tinham homologia com o ARAV. CONCLUSÕES: Este trabalho corrobora outros estudos que mostram que o ARAV é o hantavírus causador da SPCVH, na região de Ribeirão Preto, além de mostrar que roedores infectados por hantavírus representam um risco constante de transmissão desses vírus para o homem.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Humans , Male , Disease Reservoirs/veterinary , Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome/diagnosis , Orthohantavirus/genetics , Rodent Diseases/diagnosis , Antibodies, Viral/blood , Brazil/epidemiology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome/mortality , Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome/virology , Orthohantavirus/classification , Orthohantavirus/isolation & purification , Phylogeny , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Sequence Alignment
5.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 69(6): 647-650, nov.-dic. 2009. ilus, mapas
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-633698

ABSTRACT

Desde 1995 se han informado más de 1000 casos de síndrome pulmonar por hantavirus (SPH) en la Argentina, enfermedad grave y muchas veces fatal para los humanos. La mayoría de los casos fueron asociados al virus Andes (AND) único hantavirus que ha sido informado como causante de transmisión persona a persona. Se han descrito varios linajes patogénicos del virus AND, de los cuales AND Sur, cuyo reservorio es el roedor Oligoryzomys longicaudatus, afecta a la región patagónica de Argentina y Chile. En el presente estudio se informan las manifestaciones clínicas y las características epidemiológicas de un caso de SPH. El objetivo fue describir la presentación clínica del caso, su entorno epidemiológico, el sitio probable de contagio, la variante viral implicada y su relación con los casos más cercanos notificados. Se realizó el seguimiento clínico, el diagnóstico serológico y molecular y la investigación epidemiológica, incluyendo un estudio de la población de roedores reservorios en las áreas involucradas. Se trató de una presentación clásica de SPH moderada, causada por el linaje viral AND sur y su secuencia nucleotídica se comparó con casos del sur argentino y chileno. El caso de hantavirus investigado resultó ser el más austral (48° 46´ 1.2´´ S; 70° 15´ 0´´ O) notificado hasta el momento e involucró a una nueva provincia argentina.


Since 1995 more than 1000 cases of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) were reported in Argentina, a severe disease and often fatal to humans. Most cases were associated with Andes virus (AND) that caused few events of person-to-person transmission. Several lineages of pathogenic AND viruses have been described, including AND South, hosted by the rodent Oligoryzomys longicaudatus which affects the Patagonian region of Argentina and Chile. We studied the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of a HPS case. The objective was to describe the clinical presentation of the case, its epidemiology, the likely site of infection, the viral variant implicated and its relationship with the closest reported cases. We carried out the clinical follow up, serological and molecular diagnosis and the epidemiological research, including a rodent reservoir study. The clinical presentation of the case was the classical and moderate, caused by AND South virus. Its viral nucleotide sequence was compared with cases from Southern Argentina and Chile. This case was found to be the most Southern (48° 46´ 1.2´´ S; 70° 15´ O) case reported and involved a new Argentinean province.


Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Disease Vectors , Orthohantavirus , Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome/virology , Argentina/epidemiology , Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome/epidemiology , Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome/transmission , Orthohantavirus/genetics , Orthohantavirus/isolation & purification , RNA, Viral/analysis , Rodentia/virology
6.
Salud pública Méx ; 50(4): 334-340, jul.-agosto 2008.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-487605

ABSTRACT

Este trabajo de revisión se enfoca en el análisis de la información básica sobre los hantavirus, agentes causales de dos enfermedades importantes en salud pública: la fiebre hemorrágica con síndrome renal (FHSR) y el síndrome pulmonar por hantavirus (SPH), dos zoonosis distribuidas en Asia/Europa y el continente americano, respectivamente. Los hantavirus se transmiten al hombre a través de la manipulación y contacto directos de roedores infectados o tejidos y secreciones (orina, heces y saliva). La FHSR y el SPH comparten algunas características clínicas, aunque las hemorragias y la afectación renal son propias de la FHSR,y los problemas respiratorios del SPH. Se aportan algunos datos sobre estudios realizados en México sobre hantavirus y se mencionan las condiciones ecológicas vinculadas con la distribución de los virus y sus reservorios naturales, así como algunas medidas para evitar o reducir el riesgo de infección.


The goal of this review is to provide basic information on hantaviruses as causative agents of Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS) and Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS), two zoonotic diseases widely distributed in Asia/Europe, and the American continent, respectively. Hantaviruses are rodent-borne and transmitted to humans by direct contact with infected rodents or their secretions (urine, feces and saliva). Both, HFRS and HPS share some clinical aspects, however, hemorrhage and renal failure are the hallmark of HFRS, while respiratory problems are distinctive signs and symptoms of patients with HPS. Studies on hantavirus infection in rodents from Mexico are included, some recomendations to prevent or avoid contact with rodents are mentioned, and some determinant ecologic factors of hantaviruses distribution and their natural rodents, are also included.


Subject(s)
Humans , Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome/virology , Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome/virology , Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome/diagnosis , Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome/diagnosis , Mexico
7.
J. pneumol ; 29(5): 309-324, set.-out. 2003. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-364625

ABSTRACT

A síndrome pulmonar e cardiovascular por hantavírus é uma doença de conhecimento relativamente recente e freqüentemente fatal, apresentando-se como síndrome do desconforto respiratório agudo. No Brasil, desde o primeiro surto, relatado em novembro/dezembro de 1993, em Juquitiba, 226 casos já foram registrados pela Fundação Nacional da Saúde. A doença afeta indivíduos previamente hígidos, apresentando-se com pródromo febril e sintomas semelhantes aos de um resfriado comum, podendo rapidamente evoluir para edema pulmonar, insuficiência respiratória aguda e choque. A hemoconcentração e a plaquetopenia são comuns da síndrome pulmonar e cardiovascular por hantavírus, e o quadro radiológico típico é de um infiltrado intersticial bilateral difuso, que progride rapidamente para consolidações alveolares, paralelamente à piora do quadro clínico. A mortalidade inicial era em torno de 75 por cento e declinou para aproximadamente 35 por cento, nos últimos anos. Os pacientes que sobrevivem geralmente recuperam-se completamente, cerca de uma semana após o estabelecimento do quadro respiratório. O agente causal, não reconhecido até há pouco, foi identificado como um hantavírus, cujo reservatório natural são animais roedores da família Muridae, subfamília Sigmodontinae. O tratamento específico antiviral ainda não é bem estabelecido, estando em estudo a eficácia de ribavirina. Cuidados de terapia intensiva como ventilação mecânica e monitoramento hemodinâmico invasivo são necessários nas formas mais graves da doença. Essas medidas, se instituídas precocemente, podem melhorar o prognóstico e a sobrevida dos pacientes com síndrome pulmonar e cardiovascular por hantavírus.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Rats , Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome , Disease Reservoirs/classification , Brazil/epidemiology , Diagnosis, Differential , Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome/diagnosis , Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome/epidemiology , Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome/transmission , Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome/virology
8.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 36(1): 81-96, jan.-fev. 2003. ilus, mapas, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-332897

ABSTRACT

As hantaviroses constituem infecções zoonóticas amplamente distribuídas em todo o mundo. A febre hemorrágica com síndrome renal mostra-se endêmica na Asia e Europa, acometendo milharea de pessoas anualmente. A síndrome cardiopulmonar pelo hantavírus, reconhecida como entidade clínica desde 1993, representa o protótipo das doenças emergentes e encontra-se distribuída em diversos países do continente americano, inclusive o Brasil. Ambas säo transmitidas ao homem através da inalaçäo de partículas virais eliminadas nas fezes e urina de roedores domésticos e silvestres. Trata-se de doenças sistêmicas febris que podem acometer vários órgäos, destacando-se o rim na febre hemorrágica com síndrome renal e os pulmöes e o coraçäo na síndrome cardiopulmonar. A taxa de letalidade da hantavirose americana alcança 50 por cento. Diagnostica-se as hantaviroses através de provas sorológicas imunoenzimáticas ao identificar-se anticorpos específicos das classes IgM e IgG. Näo há tratamento específico. Recomenda-se hidrataçäo cuidadosa, indicaçäo precoce de diálise nas formas renais e administraçäo de drogas vasoativas nos períodos de hipotensäo e choque. A administraçäo de corticoesteróides e da ribavirina está sendo avaliada em estudos controlados. O número de casos dessas viroses tem crescido no Brasil ano a ano, e cumpre alertar os profissionais de saúde sobre a ocorrência dessas entidades nos vários estados do país, possibilitando diagnóstico precoce e tratamento adequado nos casos suspeitos da doença


Subject(s)
Humans , Endemic Diseases , Orthohantavirus , Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome/virology , Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome/virology , Orthohantavirus , Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome/diagnosis , Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome/drug therapy , Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome/epidemiology , Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome/diagnosis , Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome/drug therapy , Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome/epidemiology
9.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 43(6): 325-327, Nov.-Dec. 2001.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-303042

ABSTRACT

A serosurvey was conducted in wild animals captured close to two areas where hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) occurred in Säo Paulo State, Brazil. Serum samples from a total of 43 mammals were tested for antibodies reactive with Sin Nombre (SN) hantavirus using a strip immunoblot assay. RNAs from the blood clots of the positive samples were submitted to reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Two rodents of the genus Oligoryzomys were positive for hantavirus antibodies. These animals were captured in the Iguape region and represented 16.7 percent (2/12) of the sera from rodents and 100.0 percent (2/2) of the Oligoryzomys captured in that area. RT-PCR failed to amplify any viral cDNA. These results are in agreement with other data that suggest that members of this genus are important reservoirs of hantaviruses in Brazil


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Animals, Wild , Disease Reservoirs , Orthohantavirus , Hantavirus Infections , Antibodies, Viral , Brazil , Carnivora , Orthohantavirus , Hantavirus Infections , Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome/virology , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Rodentia
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